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Kitchen
flooring varies from hardwood, laminate to marble and tiles. The flooring
material and the color will depend on the color and style of kitchen cabinets. In order to create a flawless look the colors of the kitchen cabinets and flooring
should be rather similar, unless trying to create a more dramatic impression.
Floors and tile Some types of floor cover are more durable than
others. Vinyl lasts longer than carpet. Ceramic tile lasts longer than wood block or strip flooring. But no floor material
has a life expectancy equal to that of the house itself. That makes flooring a popular focus in home improvement work. All
floor cover requires a base that’s structurally sound, clean, level (to 1/4" per 10’ span) and dry (moisture
content of the subfloor should not exceed 13 percent). Concrete makes a good base, assuming the surface is smooth and incorporates
a good vapor barrier. Untempered hardboard, plywood, and particleboard also make a good base for flooring. Use either 1/4"-
or 3/8"-thick sheets. Underlayment needs a 1/32" gap at the edges and the ends to allow for expansion. Underlayment-grade
plywood has a sanded, C-plugged or better face. If moisture isn’t a problem, use interior type plywood. Otherwise use
either exterior or interior grade plywood with exterior glue. Trowel on a smooth coat of cement-based underlay to prepare
nearly any floor surface for resilient flooring. Repair, recover or remove? Adhesive
used to secure resilient flooring tends to deteriorate when moisture comes up through the subfloor. If resilient tile comes
loose, Parko Home Renovations can reset the tile in new adhesive that’s designed for use below grade. If the
resilient tile is cracked, broken or has chipped edges, it’s usually better to install new flooring. Matching new tile
with old tile isn’t practical. Resilient tile changes color with age. But it may not be necessary to remove the old
surface when installing new. If the old surface is scarred, stained, abraded or has been embossed by the weight of furniture, Parko
Home Renovations can apply a liquid leveler, or trowel on a cement-based underlayment to smooth the surface. Parko Home
Renovations can install the new floor cover. If unevenness in the underlayment is showing through, remove the old surface
and do some leveling before installing the new floor cover. Remove resilient tile if the new floor cover is also to be resilient
tile. If a wood floor is smooth and free of large cracks, refinishing may put the floor back in like-new condition.
Most wood flooring can be sanded and refinished several times. Softwood flooring with no subfloor is an exception. Even one
sanding might weaken the floor too much. Plywood block flooring can sometimes be sanded and refinished. Thin wood flooring
and wood flooring with wide cracks usually has to be replaced – any patch would be obvious. New
Wood FlooringNew Wood Flooring __________________________________________________________________________ Wood
flooring, sheet vinyl with resilient backing, and carpeting can be installed directly over an existing hardwood floor, assuming
any voids have been filled and the surface isn’t loose. Shrinkage cracks are more common where boards are wide. Parko
Home Renovations can install laminated wood flooring over ceramic, wood or resilient flooring, so long as the surface is firm
and dry. New wood flooring __________________________________________________________________________ Hardwood
flooring is available in tongue-and-groove strips and blocks (parquet). Some thinner patterns of strip flooring are square-edged.
The most common hardwood strip flooring is 25/32" thick by 2-1/4" wide and has a hollow back. Strips are random
lengths and vary from 2’ to 16’ long. The face is slightly wider than the bottom so joints will be tight on the
surface. Softwood flooring is also available in strips and blocks. Most softwood strip flooring has tongue-and-groove
edges, although some types are end matched. Softwood flooring costs less than most hardwood species, but it’s also less
wear-resistant and shows surface abrasions more readily. Use softwood flooring in light traffic areas such as closets. No
matter which type of flooring you select, Parko Home Renovations will give the material a few days to reach the moisture content
of the room where it will be installed. Strip flooring is normally laid at right angles to the floor joists. When new
strip flooring is installed over old, Parko Home Renovations will lay the new strips at right angles to the old, no matter
what direction the floor joists run. Parko Home Renovations begin installation of tongue-and-groove flooring by placing
the first strip 1/2" to 5/8" away from the wall. That allows for expansion and prevents buckling when the moisture
content increases. Parko Home Renovations nail straight down through the face of the first strip. The nail will be close
enough to the wall to be covered by the base or shoe molding. We nail into a joist if the new flooring is laid at right angles
to the joists. Drive a second nail through the tongue of this first strip. All other strips are nailed through the tongue
only. Parko Home Renovations drive these nails at an angle of 45 to 50 degrees. We leave the head just above the surface
to avoid damaging the strip with our hammer. Parko Home Renovations then use a large nail set to drive nails the last quarter
inch. New Wood FlooringNew Wood Flooring __________________________________________________________________________ Parko
Home Renovations stagger the end joints of strip flooring so butts are separated in adjacent courses. We install each new
strip tightly against the previously installed strip. We use shorter strips and crooked strips at the end of courses
or in closets. Parquet tile is made from narrow wood slats formed into a square. Parquet block flooring can be applied
with adhesive over a concrete floor protected from moisture with a vapor barrier. Laminate Wood FlooringLaminate
Wood Flooring __________________________________________________________________________ Laminate
flooring strips are made from layers of wood and finished with a hard synthetic surface. Pergo® is one popular name. Most
laminate flooring is loose lay; neither nails nor adhesive are used. Instead, the flooring floats on a cushioning material
designed to reduce noise from foot traffic. Laminate flooring can be installed over nearly any firm, flat flooring material.
Parko Home Renovations install strips parallel to the longest wall in the room. We keep the strips about 1/4" away from
the side wall and end wall so the floor can expand with changes in temperature and moisture. Resilient
flooring __________________________________________________________________________ Sheet
vinyl with resilient backing smoothes out minor surface imperfections. Some sheet vinyl is designated loose lay and doesn’t
require adhesive. Both resilient sheet flooring and resilient tile require a smooth surface for proper adhesive
bonding. Parko Home Renovations can repair an irregular surface with an embossing leveler or a masonry leveling
compound. When the surface is dry, we spread adhesive with a notched trowel, following the adhesive manufacturers instructions.
Laying the tile so joints don’t coincide with the joints in the underlayment. Cork
tile __________________________________________________________________________ Cork is a
natural sound absorber and insulator. It is quiet underfoot, and can last for decades when properly maintained. Cork will
expand and contract based on humidity, although to a lesser degree than wood. Granite and
marble tile __________________________________________________________________________ Common
granite and marble surface finishes include polished, honed, and flamed. A polished surface is highly reflective, and is best
suited for low-traffic areas. A honed surface has a duller, more slip-resistant finish that’s less likely to show scratches.
Flamed tiles have a deeply textured surface that’s useful for applications requiring additional slip-resistance. Marble
is softer and more porous than granite, so it’s more susceptible to scratches, but it can be repolished when necessary.
Marble is also susceptible to damage from alcohols, oils and acids commonly found in the home. A penetrative sealer is generally
recommended when installing marble in high-risk areas such as kitchens and bathrooms. Ceramic TileCeramic
Tile __________________________________________________________________________ Colors
and grains will vary from tile to tile and batch to batch. Ceramic tile can be set in either mortar (thin-set or thick-set)
or applied with adhesive. Tile is set on backerboard, cement board reinforced with polymer-coated glass mesh. Common names
are Durock®, WonderBoard®, RhinoBoard® and Hardibacker®. Ceramic tile definitions __________________________________________________________________________ • Field tiles make up
most of the job, the "field". • Border tiles are trim pieces set around the edge of the field. •
Listello tiles have a decorative design different from field tile and are generally used on the edge of the field, like the
frame of a picture. • Rope tiles, as you might expect, have a rope design, usually in raised relief, and are used
on the border. Tips on Ceramic TileTips on Ceramic Tile __________________________________________________________________________ Tips on ceramic tile __________________________________________________________________________ Most
ceramic tile carries a PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) wear rating: • Class 1, no foot traffic.
Interior residential and commercial walls only. • Class 2, light traffic. Interior residential
and commercial walls and residential bathroom floors. • Class 3, light to moderate traffic.
Residential floors, countertops, and walls. • Class 4, moderate to heavy traffic. Residential,
medium commercial and light institutional floors and walls. • Class 5, heavy to extra-heavy
traffic. Residential, commercial and institutional floors and walls. Indoor vs. outdoor tile __________________________________________________________________________ Tile that absorbs
water will crack when exposed to freezing and thawing. Tile with an absorption rating of 3 percent or less is usually considered
acceptable for outdoor use. That includes vitrified and porcelain ceramic tiles. Outdoor tile is very dense and doesn’t
break easily. Use thin-set mortar with a latex admix. Matching styles and batches __________________________________________________________________________ Tile colors
and glazes can vary from batch to batch. To make matching easier, many tile manufacturers emboss batch numbers into the back
of each tile.
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| Services: | Home
remodeling, kitchen remodeling, bathroom remodeling, additions, renovations, design, building, cabinetry, countertops, improvements,
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